The underlying geology in these areas typically tends to be impervious to the percolation of rain water. These conditions result in a water supply that has a low mineral content, can be regarded as soft (due to the low levels of dissolved hardness salts of calcium and magnesium), but has a perceptable colour and high dissolved organic content.
Due to the source of water supplies categorised under this zone, their quality is subject to seasonal changes and is influenced greatly by rainfall, seasonal temperatures and the life cycle of many types of flora that can bloom for only a few months of the year but can potentially affect healthcare applications if not accounted for in any proposed water treatment system design.
In general the water supplied in Scotland can be classified under the category of Zone 1. It should be noted that current Scottish legislation states that it is the responsibility of all Scottish hospitals to filter their incoming mains water down to a level of 0.5 microns prior to distribution. This requirement is typically satisfied by the installation of either an ultra-filtration (UF) plant or membrane filtration (MF) system. Therefore, when specifying a new water purification system within a hospital in Scotland one must bear in mind that the degree of pre-treatment required will be influenced by whether or not UF or MF pre-treatment is already in place for the cold water supply.
- Haemodialysis
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FUF*OS*AC(6)RO–––UF* / OS*
If existing site already incorporates filtration down to 0.5 microns then UF not required, but OS may be required.Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Haemodiafiltration
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process Train (option 1)Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FUF*1OS*1AC(6)RO(dp)–––Proposed Process Train (option 2)Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FUF*1OS*1AC(6)ROUF/MF––*1
If existing site already incorporates filtration down to 0.5 microns then UF not required, but OS may be required.Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Sterile Services
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FUF*OS*AC(3)ROMF––UF* / OS*
If existing site already incorporates filtration down to 0.5 microns then UF not required, but OS may be required.Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Automated endoscopy reprocessors
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FUF*OS*AC(3)ROMF––UF* / OS*
If existing site already incorporates filtration down to 0.5 microns then UF not required, but OS may be required.Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Laboratory
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FUF*OS*AC(3)ROIEXUVMFUF* / OS*
If existing site already incorporates filtration down to 0.5 microns then UF not required, but OS may be required.Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins)