They have the highest level of dissolved minerals and can be considered to be scale forming but they also have the lowest potential to organically foul membranes and filters; this is due to their source being typically from boreholes or aquifers.
By virtue of the fact that rain water, being slightly acidic, is able to percolate through chalk, any dissolved organics and particulates are filtered out by the underlying geology. However, during this filtration process the acidic rainwater takes into solution a high concentration of Calcium and Magnesium salts which result in an increase in total water hardness.
Due to the depth from which water is abstracted from Zone 3 areas they are generally protected from the influences of seasonal rainfall, temperature and biological activity and so the design of any water treatment system becomes more straightforward and less prone to being undersized in terms of purification processes.
To find out which zone the water supply for your project falls into, simply click on the relevant area on the map or, if you know the post code, you can refer to the table on the left.
- Haemodialysis
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FST/OSAC(6)RO––––UF* / OS*
If existing site already incorporates filtration down to 0.5 microns then UF not required, but OS may be required.Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Haemodiafiltration
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process Train (option 1)Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FSTAC(6)RO(dp)––––Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Sterile Services
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FSTAC(3)ROMF–––Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Automated endoscopy reprocessors
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FSTAC(3)ROMF–––Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins) - Laboratory
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Based on the region or water quality that you have selected, plus the type of application you have chosen, then the solution detailed below is likely to be appropriate.
Please note that even within small geographic areas there can be considerable variation in the quality of the raw water supply; similarly, different projects often have unique requirements in terms of the volume of pure water required, the space available in which plant can be installed and the operating parameters that have to be satisfied. As a result, the solution outlined below should be treated as a guide only.
For an exact specification, or for further details of the proposed solution, please contact one of our water purification specialists.
Proposed Process TrainStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Stage 5Stage 6Stage 7Stage 8FSTAC(3)ROIEXUVMF–Key
F = Cartridge filtration
ST = Water Softener
OS = Organic Scavenging
UF = Ultrafiltration
AC(3) = Activated Carbon (3 mins)
RO = Reverse OsmosisRO(Dp) = Reverse Osmosis Double Pass
UV = Ultra Violet Irradiation
MF = Micro Filtration
IEX = Ion-exchange (CEDI or cylinders)
ST/OS = Combined Softener / Organic Scavenging
AC(6) = Activated Carbon (6 mins)